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Free, curriculum-linked ideas for every concept in Biology made simple: goals, a discussion question and an exit ticket. Everything is CC BY 4.0, so print and adapt freely.

Curriculum links name broad school topics (as in NCERT/CBSE science and biology). Please check them against your current syllabus, as chapters have been revised in recent years.

Concept 1

DNA, RNA, protein

Links to: Molecular basis of inheritance

Learning goals:

  • Describe the flow of information DNA → RNA → protein
  • Explain base pairing (A–T, G–C)

Discuss: If every cell has the same DNA, how do cells become different?

Exit ticket: Write the partner strand for ATGC, then its RNA copy.

Concept 2

Switching genes on: transcription factors

Links to: Molecular basis of inheritance; regulation of gene expression

Learning goals:

  • Explain how transcription factors switch genes on and off
  • Relate cell types to the genes they use

Discuss: Why does a muscle cell not make the proteins of a nerve cell?

Exit ticket: What is an enhancer?

Concept 3

Chromatin: how DNA is packed and marked

Links to: Molecular basis of inheritance; heredity and variation

Learning goals:

  • Describe how DNA is packed around histones
  • Explain that tags on histones change gene activity (epigenetics)

Discuss: How does 2 m of DNA fit in a cell?

Exit ticket: What does “epi” in epigenetics mean?

Concept 4

The life of an mRNA

Links to: Molecular basis of inheritance

Learning goals:

  • Describe splicing, transport and decay of mRNA
  • Explain why the place a protein is made can matter

Discuss: Why would a cell send an mRNA to one end?

Exit ticket: Name two things that happen to an mRNA after it is made.

Concept 5

Making proteins: translation

Links to: Molecular basis of inheritance; biomolecules

Learning goals:

  • Use the genetic code to read a short mRNA
  • Explain that a protein’s shape decides its job

Discuss: How can four letters spell 20 amino acids?

Exit ticket: Translate AUG GCU UUC with a codon table.

Concept 6

Droplets inside cells

Links to: Cell: structure and functions

Learning goals:

  • Describe phase separation with oil and vinegar
  • Contrast liquid droplets with solid clumps

Discuss: How can a cell make a compartment without a wall?

Exit ticket: Name one droplet found inside cells.

Concept 7

Food for genes: metabolism and histone marks

Links to: Respiration in organisms; biomolecules

Learning goals:

  • Explain glycolysis and lactate as a fuel
  • Relate metabolism to histone tags

Discuss: Can what we eat change how our genes are used?

Exit ticket: Which molecule supplies the acetyl tag?

Concept 8

The embryo’s first genes

Links to: Development; reproduction in animals

Learning goals:

  • Explain the maternal-to-zygotic transition
  • Read a line chart of real data

Discuss: When does an embryo start using its own genes?

Exit ticket: Which genes peak at 2–4 hours in the chart?

Each concept page has a labelled picture and a short animation you can pause on a classroom screen: Biology made simple.